While most freight shipments move as either truckload (FTL) or less-than-truckload (LTL), not every load fits into those standard categories. Certain freight requires additional attention, specialized equipment and careful coordination to ensure proper handling and regulatory compliance. These types of shipments are classified as specialty freight — a logistics solution that depends on carriers with the right expertise, tools and training to manage them successfully.
However, shippers often encounter significant hurdles when dealing with specialty freight, such as:
- Interpreting and complying with complicated regulations
- Hitting strict and time-sensitive delivery deadlines
- Securing specialized equipment, especially during high-demand seasons
- Managing multiple stakeholders and touchpoints along extended routes
Any misstep can lead to costly delays, damaged goods or compliance violations. But GlobalTranz is here to help! This guide covers the most common specialty freight types, the challenges shippers face with each, and how the right 3PL partnership can help you overcome them.
Freight Size and Weight Considerations
When a shipment's dimensions or weight exceed standard limits, it becomes a logistical puzzle. These loads often require specialized trailers, routing expertise and extra permits to move without delays or fines.
Oversize freight
- Definition: Freight over 8.5 feet wide, 13.5 feet tall or 53 feet long.
- Common shipper challenge: Navigating multiple state permit requirements and finding routes that avoid low bridges or narrow roads.
- Example: Moving a 14-foot-high silo from Kansas to Virginia requiring permits and pre-approved routes.
- Pro tip: Start the permitting process early — some states take days or weeks to approve oversize shipments.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL coordinates oversize freight, including permits, selecting specialty carriers with the right trailers, and ensuring compliance so your freight doesn't end up stalled roadside.
Heavy haul
- Definition: Any load weighing 80,000 pounds or more, such as cranes, industrial presses or wind farm equipment.
- Common shipper challenge: Avoiding overweight fines while meeting delivery deadlines.
- Example: Transporting a 92,000-pound transformer using a lowboy trailer with extra axles for weight distribution.
- Pro tip: Weight restrictions vary by state, meaning one-size-fits-all planning can lead to costly violations.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL matches loads with carriers experienced in heavy haul, reducing compliance risks and keeping timelines on track.
Oddly shaped freight
- Definition: Cargo with irregular shapes requiring custom packaging, bracing or trailers.
- Common shipper challenge: Preventing damage during transit when standard palletization isn't possible.
- Example: Shipping fiberglass sculptures for an outdoor art installation in padded cradles with protective covers.
- Pro tip: Low-density freight may cost more per pound since it takes up more space without adding weight.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL secures accurate dimensional quotes and proper handling equipment upfront to avoid last-minute surcharges.
Over-dimensional freight
- Definition: Shipments longer, wider or taller than standard trailers but not excessively heavy.
- Common shipper challenge: Finding carriers with extendable trailers and route-planning expertise.
- Example: Transporting a 75-foot-long steel beam on an extendable flatbed.
- Pro tip: Map routes early to avoid bridge height or turning radius issues.
- 3PL Advantage: Access to a network of specialty carriers with the right gear and permit expertise to keep your freight moving efficiently.
Super loads
- Definition: Freight far exceeding oversize limits — 16 feet wide, 160 feet long, 16 feet tall or over 200,000 pounds.
- Common shipper challenge: Coordinating months of planning with multiple state and local agencies.
- Example: Moving a hydroelectric turbine for a dam project.
- Pro tip: Factor in engineering reviews, police escorts and special equipment availability.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL manages multi-agency permitting, complex route analysis and specialized carrier selection for super load safety and compliance.
Partial truckload (PTL) & volume LTL
- Definition: Freight too big for standard LTL but too small for FTL.
- Common shipper challenge: Avoiding overpaying for unused trailer space.
- Example: Shipping 15 pallets of seasonal retail displays for a product launch.
- Pro tip: PTL often provides faster transit than standard LTL — and you pay only for the space you use.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL connects you to flexible specialty freight carriers that maximize trailer space, lower costs, and improve transit times.
Shipping Mode, Speed and Logistics
Sometimes it's not the size or weight that makes freight "specialty" — it's how quickly it must move, the modes it requires or the logistics involved. These shipments often demand coordination across multiple carriers and transportation types.
Intermodal freight
- Definition: Using multiple modes (truck, rail, ship, plane) with the same container throughout the journey.
- Common shipper challenge: Coordinating schedules across carriers while maintaining cargo security.
- Example: Shipping heavy machinery from Chicago to Los Angeles by rail, then trucking to the final destination.
- Pro tip: Intermodal can save on costs and reduce damage risk but usually requires longer lead times.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL manages every leg — from carrier scheduling to container transfers — ensuring smooth transitions between modes.
Multimodal freight
- Definition: Two or more transportation modes under a single provider and bill of lading.
- Common shipper challenge: Preventing delays during handoffs between transportation modes.
- Example: Shipping goods from the Midwest to the Caribbean via truck and ocean freight.
- Pro tip: Communicate timelines and handling needs early to avoid schedule conflicts.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL oversees all modes, documentation and scheduling to keep shipments on track and costs in check.
Drayage
- Definition: Short haul moves between ports, rail yards and nearby facilities.
- Common shipper challenge: Delays caused by port congestion and tight appointment windows.
- Example: Moving refrigerated freight from the Port of Miami to a nearby cold storage warehouse.
- Pro tip: Secure drayage capacity well in advance during peak shipping seasons.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL leverages port relationships to find available drivers faster and keep containers moving.
Expedited freight
- Definition: Shipments requiring the fastest possible delivery via air or expedited ground.
- Common shipper challenge: Balancing speed with cost.
- Example: Overnighting critical replacement parts to keep a production line running.
- Pro tip: For shorter distances, expedited ground can sometimes beat air on speed and cost.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL compares real-time mode options to secure the fastest, most cost-effective expedited solution.
Specialty Cargo and Special Handling
Some shipments demand special handling, enhanced security, temperature control or precise delivery execution. These shipments are often high-value, sensitive or compliance-heavy, making them some of the most challenging (and risky) to move without the right expertise and equipment.
Hazmat freight
- Definition: Freight containing hazardous materials such as chemicals, flammables or radioactive substances.
- Common shipper challenge: Navigating strict regulations and avoiding costly fines.
- Example: Shipping industrial solvents with proper placards and spill prevention measures.
- Pro tip: Even small paperwork mistakes can trigger major penalties — double-check compliance before loading.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL connects you to certified hazmat carriers and ensures full regulatory compliance from pickup to delivery.
Temperature-controlled freight
- Definition: Freight that must stay within a strict temperature range during transit.
- Common shipper challenge: Preventing spoilage or damage during long-haul trips.
- Example: Shipping frozen seafood from Florida to Chicago at -10°F without temperature fluctuations.
- Pro tip: Use refrigerated LTL freight carriers for smaller loads to reduce costs without sacrificing protection.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL matches your load to the right refrigerated freight equipment with real-time monitoring to maintain product integrity.
High-value cargo
- Definition: Freight with high monetary or strategic value requiring enhanced security measures.
- Common shipper challenge: Preventing theft and loss in transit.
- Example: Transporting luxury retail fixtures with GPS tracking and tamper-proof seals.
- Pro tip: Avoid markings that reveal shipment contents.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL secures vetted carriers with specialized security protocols, including escorts if necessary.
White glove shipping
- Definition: Premium delivery service with inside delivery, unpacking, assembly and debris removal.
- Common shipper challenge: Coordinating schedules, site prep and special handling.
- Example: Installing MRI machines in a hospital with precise positioning requirements.
- Pro tip: Schedule early to ensure equipment and crew availability.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL arranges white glove shipping carriers experienced in fragile, high-value or oversized items, ensuring flawless delivery.
Trade show freight shipping
- Definition: Time-sensitive freight for events with strict delivery windows and venue rules.
- Common shipper challenge: Missing a setup window due to delays.
- Example: Delivering a full booth to a national expo on time.
- Pro tip: Ship to the advance warehouse when possible to reduce risk.
- 3PL advantage: A 3PL manages every stage of trade show shipping, ensuring on-time arrival, compliance with venue rules and smooth setup.
How should I plan for specialty freight shipping? A checklist.
To ensure smooth specialty freight shipping, remember to:
- Plan early — Permits, equipment reservations and multi-mode coordination can take weeks.
- Document accurately — Incorrect dimensions or weights cause re-quotes and delays.
- Package for the journey — Protect against vibration, temperature shifts and handling.
- Vet your carrier — Look for proven experience in your freight category.
- Leverage a 3PL network — Gain access to vetted specialty carriers without extra legwork.
- Confirm insurance coverage — High-value and temperature-controlled loads require tailored coverage.
- Leverage a TMS — Use a transportation management system to centralize routing, documentation and communication, reducing errors and improving efficiency.
- Track in real time — GPS visibility reduces risk for high-value or sensitive loads.
Why Shippers Choose GlobalTranz for Specialty Freight Solutions
With over 30 years of experience in the logistics industry, GlobalTranz understands the unique challenges faced by shippers like you. We've built strong relationships with more than 75+ LTL carriers and 45K+ truckload carriers, ensuring that our clients have access to competitive pricing, reliable service and they specialty freight options they require.
Our TMS is a game-changer, allowing businesses to manage all their shipping needs — domestic, international, specialty and beyond — in one easy-to-use platform. With features like real-time tracking, automated alerts and cost comparisons, our TMS is designed to make shipping more efficient and cost-effective.
By partnering with GlobalTranz, you'll get the support of a team of logistics experts who understand your specific needs and challenges. We offer customized solutions to help you scale your shipping operations, improve delivery times and reduce costs. Whether you need 3PL shipping solutions or help navigating the complexities of specialty freight, we have you covered.
Ready to talk? Request a complimentary shipping consultation with a GlobalTranz shipping expert today!